I think the easiest way to deal with this is to update your local Plotly package.
If you're worried about something going wrong with the package or if something actually did go wrong, you could reset everything you did just by running install.packages('plotly'). This updates it to the latest CRAN version. If you update Plotly for any reason, it will erase these changes.
To make the change, go to your R library (find the folder address with .Library in the R or RStudio console). For example, mine is [1] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/library". Go to the plotly folder -> htmlwidgets -> lib -> plotlyjs -> locales -> and open pt-br.js. (It will open with RStudio, Atom, and many other IDEs).

Delete everything in the file and replace it with this:
var locale = {
moduleType: "locale",
name: "pt-br",
dictionary: {
Autoscale: "Escala autom\xe1tica",
"Box Select": "Sele\xe7\xe3o retangular",
"Click to enter Colorscale title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo da escala de cor",
"Click to enter Component A title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do Componente A",
"Click to enter Component B title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do Componente B",
"Click to enter Component C title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do Componente C",
"Click to enter Plot title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do Gr\xe1fico",
"Click to enter X axis title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do eixo X",
"Click to enter Y axis title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do eixo Y",
"Click to enter radial axis title": "Clique para editar o t\xedtulo do eixo radial",
"Compare data on hover": "Comparar dados ao pairar",
"Double-click on legend to isolate one trace": "Duplo clique na legenda para isolar uma s\xe9rie",
"Double-click to zoom back out": "Duplo clique para reverter zoom",
"Download plot as a png": "Fazer download do gr\xe1fico como imagem (png)",
"Download plot": "Fazer download do gr\xe1fico",
"Edit in Chart Studio": "Editar no Chart Studio",
"IE only supports svg. Changing format to svg.": "IE suporta apenas svg. Alterando formato para svg",
"Lasso Select": "Sele\xe7\xe3o de la\xe7o",
"Orbital rotation": "Rota\xe7\xe3o orbital",
Pan: "Mover",
"Produced with Plotly": "Criado com o Plotly",
Reset: "Restaurar",
"Reset axes": "Restaurar eixos",
"Reset camera to default": "Restaurar c\xe2mera para padr\xe3o",
"Reset camera to last save": "Restaurar c\xe2mera para \xfaltima salva",
"Reset view": "Restaurar vis\xe3o",
"Reset views": "Restaurar vis\xf5es",
"Show closest data on hover": "Exibir dado mais pr\xf3ximo ao pairar",
"Snapshot succeeded": "Captura instant\xe2nea completa",
"Sorry, there was a problem downloading your snapshot!": "Desculpe, houve um problema no download de sua captura instant\xe2nea!",
"Taking snapshot - this may take a few seconds": "Efetuando captura instant\xe2nea - isso pode levar alguns instantes",
"Toggle Spike Lines": "Habilitar/desabilitar triangula\xe7\xe3o de linhas",
"Toggle show closest data on hover": "Habilitar/desabilitar exibi\xe7\xe3o de dado mais pr\xf3ximo ao pairar",
"Turntable rotation": "Rota\xe7\xe3o de mesa",
Zoom: "Zoom",
"Zoom in": "Ampliar zoom",
"Zoom out": "Reduzir zoom",
"close:": "fechamento:",
"high:": "alta:",
"incoming flow count": "contagem de fluxo de entrada:",
"kde:": "kde:",
"lat:": "latitude:",
"lon:": "longitude:",
"low:": "baixa:",
"lower fence:": "limite inferior:",
"max:": "m\xe1ximo:",
"mean \xb1 \u03c3:": "m\xe9dia \xb1 \u03c3:",
"mean:": "m\xe9dia:",
"median:": "mediana:",
"min:": "m\xednimo:",
"new text:": "novo texto:",
"open:": "abertura:",
"outgoing flow count:": "contagem de fluxo de sa\xedda:",
"q1:": "q1:",
"q3:": "q3:",
"source": "origem:",
"target::": "destino:",
trace: "s\xe9rie",
"upper fence:": "limite superior:"
},
format: {
days: ["Domingo", "Segunda-feira", "Ter\xe7a-feira", "Quarta-feira", "Quinta-feira", "Sexta-feira", "S\xe1bado"],
shortDays: ["Dom", "Seg", "Ter", "Qua", "Qui", "Sex", "S\xe1b"],
months: ["Janeiro", "Fevereiro", "Mar\xe7o", "Abril", "Maio", "Junho", "Julho", "Agosto", "Setembro", "Outubro", "Novembro", "Dezembro"],
shortMonths: ["Jan", "Fev", "Mar", "Abr", "Mai", "Jun", "Jul", "Ago", "Set", "Out", "Nov", "Dez"],
date: "%d/%m/%Y"
}
};
"undefined" == typeof Plotly ? (window.PlotlyLocales = window.PlotlyLocales || [], window.PlotlyLocales.push(locale)) : Plotly.register(locale);
You'll notice very little difference if you look closely at the JS in this answer and what's initially in the file.
After changing it locally, this is what I rendered:

