Table LateX doesn't show up in the document

That's not a bold line, that literarily is your table ... just scaled down sooooooo much by \resizebox that you can't see it. That's one of the many reasons you should never use \resizebox for elements which contain text. Other reasons are suboptimal choice of letter shapes and a ransom letter appearance to the final document with all the different font sizes.

Other problems:

• \begin{document} is missing

• By using l columns for your table and then even wrapping the verrrrrrrrrrrry long lines into additional tables with c columns, you are very efficiently telling latex to never ever break lines in your table. Instead you could use a column of fixed with, or - easier - use the tabularray package with an X column which will automatically calculate the width

• no floating specifier like [htbp] is given

\documentclass[12pt,oneside,final]{article}
%\doctype{Thesis}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{layout}
\usepackage[algo2e, ruled, vlined]{algorithm2e} 
\usepackage{tabularray}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\usepackage{tabularray}

\usepackage{geometry}
%\geometry{hmargin=1cm}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
%\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tblr}{|l|X[l]|l|X[l]|}
\hline
Date   & Luis Lacalle Pou                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 & Date & Alberto Fernandez                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \\ \hline
May 21  & Announces the return to in-person classes strategy... “We are taking this decision because we are convinced that the risk is minimal. We wouldn’t be doing it otherwise”(Infobae, 2020)                                                                                                                                                                                  & April 25  & Announcement of the extension of the lockdown... (Casa Rosada, 2020a) \\ \hline
June 25  & Press conference speech... (CED Uruguay, 2020)                           & June 20   & Speech during Argentina’s Flag Day...  (Casa Rosada, 2020b)                                                                                                                                                                                                           \\ \hline
July 12  & Lacalle Pou justified ... (Lacalle Pou, 2020a) & July 18   & Press conference along with Buenos Aires’ ... (Casa Rosada, 2020c)                                                                                                                                             \\ \hline
July 22      & Press conference ... (Lacalle Pou, 2020b)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        & July 31   & Speech directed to ... (Casa Rosada, 2020d) \\ \hline
September 22 & Speech for the General Assembly in the UN.  “Our country’s answer to the pandemic (...)  (Lacalle Pou, 2020c)                                                                                                                       & August 28 & Announcement of the extension of the quarantine restrictions.  “It has been almost 100 days ... . (Casa Rosada, 2020e)          \\ \hline
\end{tblr}%
%}
\end{table}

\end{document}