I had to use WS-Federation without ASP.NET Core Identity in my dot net 5.0 project. I have set up my startup file referring below official document from Microsoft. I am not sure how we should create token based on claims / principal after user authentication.
Target Framework - Dot Net 5.0 [1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/ws-federation?view=aspnetcore-5.0