How to find the changed value in history table sql oracle

You just need simple aggregation with having clause: DBFiddle

select
   id, 
   max(payment_method)
     keep(dense_rank last order by dt) as LAST_PAYMENT_METHOD
from t
group by id
having count(distinct payment_method)>1;

Full example with test data:

with t(ID, PAYMENT_METHOD, DT) as (
select 1, 'CASH'  , to_date(2022,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 1, 'VISA'  , to_date(2021,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 1, 'CASH'  , to_date(2020,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 2, 'CASH'  , to_date(2021,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 2, 'CASH'  , to_date(2020,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 2, 'CASH'  , to_date(2019,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 3, 'CHEQUE', to_date(2021,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 3, 'VISA'  , to_date(2020,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 3, 'VISA'  , to_date(2019,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 4, 'CASH'  , to_date(2021,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 4, 'CASH'  , to_date(2020,'YYYY') from dual union all
select 4, 'CASH'  , to_date(2019,'YYYY') from dual
)
select
   id, 
   max(payment_method)
     keep(dense_rank last order by dt) as LAST_PAYMENT_METHOD
from t
group by id
having count(distinct payment_method)>1;

Output:

        ID LAST_PAYMENT_METHOD
---------- --------------------
         1 CASH
         3 CHEQUE

You can use the row_number() and count() analytic functions:

with u as
(select ID,
"PAYMENT METHOD",
row_number() over(partition by ID order by "DATE" desc) as rn,
count(distinct "PAYMENT METHOD") over(partition by ID) as cnt
from table_name)
select ID, "PAYMENT METHOD" from u
where rn = 1 and cnt >= 2