Node.js: adding process.nextTick() call to top-level code affects setTimeout() and setImmediate() order

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As explained on the official guides (https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick/#setimmediate-vs-settimeout), if I run the following snippet, I get different order for logs, sometimes immediate first, and sometimes timeout first, i.e. the order is non-deterministic:

setImmediate(() => {
  console.log("immediate");
});

setTimeout(() => {
  console.log("timeout");
}, 0);

Output:

> node index.js
immediate
timeout

> node index.js
immediate
timeout

> node index.js
timeout
immediate

However, if I add the process.nextTick() call to the mix, unexpectedly, the order for timeout and immediate is fixed (timeout is always printed before immediate):

setImmediate(() => {
  console.log("immediate");
});

setTimeout(() => {
  console.log("timeout");
}, 0);

process.nextTick(() => {
  console.log("next tick");
});

Output:

> node index.js
next tick
timeout
immediate

> node index.js
next tick
timeout
immediate


> node index.js
next tick
timeout
immediate

I could not understand how does process.nextTick() affect the order of timeout and immediate. Can someone help me understand what is happening internally here?

0 Answers
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