How to catch an exception thrown from a callback?

I'm using firebase_auth for phone number verification. Here's the minimal code.

Future<void> foo() async {
  await FirebaseAuth.instance.verifyPhoneNumber(
    verificationFailed: (_) {
      throw Exception('Foo'); // It throws an exception.
    },
    phoneNumber: '+1650',
    verificationCompleted: (_) {},
    codeSent: (_, __) {},
    codeAutoRetrievalTimeout: (_) {},
  );
}

I'm calling above function like this

void main() {
  foo().catchError(print); // But this code fails to catch it. 
}

But catchError doesn't seem to catch the error and I run into:

[VERBOSE-2:shell.cc(93)] Dart Unhandled Exception: Exception: foo

So, how do I properly catch that exception?