If you want a column of up and down arrows directly in the R console, you will need to use unicode symbols. Since your sample data consists mostly of NA values and doesn't allow all three arrow types to be drawn, I have modified the example to show how this might be achieved. The following code should be fully reproducible with copying and pasting into your console:
library(dplyr)
set.seed(3)
df1 <- data.frame(DATES = seq(as.Date("2020-11-20"), by = "month", length = 13),
TREND = round(runif(13, -10, 10)))
df1 %>%
mutate(CHANGE = ifelse(TREND < 0, "\u2193",
ifelse(TREND == 0, "\u2194", "\u2191"))) %>%
as.matrix() %>%
noquote()
DATES TREND CHANGE
[1,] 2020-11-20 -7 ↓
[2,] 2020-12-20 6 ↑
[3,] 2021-01-20 -2 ↓
[4,] 2021-02-20 -3 ↓
[5,] 2021-03-20 2 ↑
[6,] 2021-04-20 2 ↑
[7,] 2021-05-20 -8 ↓
[8,] 2021-06-20 -4 ↓
[9,] 2021-07-20 2 ↑
[10,] 2021-08-20 3 ↑
[11,] 2021-09-20 0 ↔
[12,] 2021-10-20 0 ↔
[13,] 2021-11-20 1 ↑
Created on 2021-11-01 by the reprex package (v2.0.0)