Moq: Invalid callback. Setup on method with parameters cannot invoke callback with parameters not using Callback

Your code isn't working because you are using the Returns overload that allows you to get hold of the parameters provided to the invocation, but you're not providing the type and you're not providing all of them. It's not about them having default values, it's that you're not providing the definition that Moq expects.

There's probably a few ways you can cut this. Given:

var adFileServiceMock = new Mock<IAdFileService>();
var expectedMockResponse = ServiceResponse<string>.Create("Json Data", "http://test.com/", "Json Data", "http://test.com/");

1. Always return that specific instance:

adFileServiceMock
   .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
   .Returns(Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));

2. Use a factory, (in this case I'm just returning the same instance everytime)

adFileServiceMock
   .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
   .Returns(() => Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));

This is what I normally do.

3. Specify the parameters

adFileServiceMock
   .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
   .Returns((FileRequest providedFileRequest, object providedFileItemsSerializer, CsvConfiguration providedCsvConfiguration, object providedClassMap) => Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));

I do this when what I return depends on the values/objects provided to the invocation.

You've got to spec the types. I've been lazy here for brevity and used It.IsAnyType and object. I would normally use a specific type or a generic type parameter.

Finally given you're returning a task, at a guess you're using an async process so consider using ReturnsAsync

adFileServiceMock
   .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
   .ReturnsAsync(() => expectedMockResponse);

Working LINQPad example:

async void Main()
{
    var adFileServiceMock = new Mock<IAdFileService>();
    var expectedMockResponse = ServiceResponse<string>.Create("Json Data", "http://test.com/", "Json Data", "http://test.com/");

//  adFileServiceMock
//      .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
//      .Returns(Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));
//
//  adFileServiceMock
//      .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
//      .Returns(() => Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));
//
//  adFileServiceMock
//      .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
//      .Returns((FileRequest providedFileRequest, object providedFileItemsSerializer, CsvConfiguration providedCsvConfiguration, object providedClassMap) => Task.FromResult(expectedMockResponse));

    adFileServiceMock
        .Setup(x => x.GetJSON<It.IsAnyType>(It.IsAny<FileRequest>(), It.IsAny<FileItemsSerializer<It.IsAnyType>>(), It.IsAny<CsvConfiguration>(), It.IsAny<ClassMap<It.IsAnyType>>()))
        .ReturnsAsync(() => expectedMockResponse);

    var adFileService = adFileServiceMock.Object;

    var mockResponse = await adFileService.GetJSON(new FileRequest(), new FileItemsSerializer<Foo>(), new CsvConfiguration(), new ClassMap<Foo>());

    mockResponse.Should().BeSameAs(expectedMockResponse);
}

// You can define other methods, fields, classes and namespaces here
public interface IAdFileService
{
    Task<ServiceResponse<string>> GetJSON<T>(FileRequest request, FileItemsSerializer<T> serializer = null, CsvConfiguration configuration = null, ClassMap<T> mapper = null) where T : class, new();
}

public class ServiceResponse<T>
{
    public static ServiceResponse<T> Create(string a, string b, string c, string d)
    {
        return new ServiceResponse<T>();
    }
}

public class FileRequest { }

public class FileItemsSerializer<T> { }

public class CsvConfiguration { }

public class ClassMap<T> { }

public class Foo { }