android:exported added but still getting error Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported

user_3753273 0
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I have added android:exported="true" to my only activity in manifest but still getting below error after updating compile sdk and target sdk version to 31.I also tried rebuilding the project , invalidating cache and restart but that didn't helped

Error- Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details.

AndroidManifest File

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.xyz.abc">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:name=".framework.presentation.BaseApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name="com.xyz.presentation.MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Merged manifest error

Other Manifest Files (Included in merge, but did not contribute any elements) firebase-installations:17.0.0 manifest, versionedparcelable:1.1.1 manifest, runtime:1.0.1 manifest, test:core:1.2.0 manifest, loader:1.0.0 manifest, facebook-share:11.1.0 manifest, leakcanary:leaksentry:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, material-dialogs:input:3.2.1 manifest, material-icons-extended:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-stats:17.0.0 manifest, interpolator:1.0.0 manifest, activity-compose:1.3.1 manifest, material-ripple:1.0.0 manifest, foundation:1.0.0 manifest, asynclayoutinflater:1.0.0 manifest, savedstate-ktx:1.1.0 manifest, navigation-dynamic-features-fragment:2.3.5 manifest, firebase-ui-auth:7.2.0 manifest, animation:1.0.1 manifest, animation-core:1.0.1 manifest, installreferrer:1.0 manifest, firebase-crashlytics:18.0.0 manifest, ui:1.0.1 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate:2.3.1 manifest, play-services-auth-base:17.0.0 manifest, hilt-android:2.35.1 manifest, material-dialogs:core:3.2.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, savedstate:1.1.0 manifest, cursoradapter:1.0.0 manifest, sqlite-framework:2.0.1 manifest, room-ktx:2.1.0 manifest, leakcanary-android-core:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, media:1.0.0 manifest, coordinatorlayout:1.1.0 manifest, legacy-support-core-utils:1.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-runtime:2.3.1 manifest, coil-kt:coil:1.3.1 manifest, ui-tooling-preview:1.0.0 manifest, facebook-core:11.1.0 manifest, core:1.6.0 manifest, material:1.0.0 manifest, firebase-common:20.0.0 manifest, documentfile:1.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.4.0-beta01 manifest, play-services-base:17.1.0 manifest, ui-tooling-data:1.0.0 manifest, coil-base:1.3.1 manifest, firebase-analytics-ktx:19.0.0 manifest, localbroadcastmanager:1.0.0 manifest, swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0-alpha03 manifest, constraintlayout-compose:1.0.0-beta02 manifest, core-ktx:1.6.0 manifest, firebase-database-collection:18.0.0 manifest, coil-compose-base:1.3.1 manifest, activity:1.3.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, facebook-messenger:11.1.0 manifest, print:1.0.0 manifest, customview:1.1.0 manifest, material-icons-core:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-sdk:19.0.0 manifest, fragment:1.3.4 manifest, firebase-appcheck-interop:16.0.0-beta01 manifest, facebook-login:11.1.0 manifest, cardview:1.0.0 manifest, runtime-rxjava2:1.0.0 manifest, viewpager2:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-ads-identifier:17.0.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-impl:19.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata-core:2.3.1 manifest, play-services-safetynet:17.0.0 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.3.1 manifest, transport-backend-cct:3.0.0 manifest, fragment-ktx:1.2.4 manifest, appcompat:1.3.0 manifest, transport-runtime:3.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata-core-ktx:2.2.0 manifest, firebase-firestore-ktx:23.0.0 manifest, legacy-support-v4:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-basement:17.1.1 manifest, firebase-storage:20.0.0 manifest, play-services-auth-api-phone:17.4.0 manifest, leakcanary-android:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, firebase-auth-interop:20.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel:2.3.1 manifest, browser:1.0.0 manifest, firebase-auth:21.0.1 manifest, material:1.2.1 manifest, slidingpanelayout:1.0.0 manifest, vectordrawable:1.1.0 manifest, recyclerview:1.1.0 manifest, play-services-auth:19.0.0 manifest, room-runtime:2.1.0 manifest, dagger-lint-aar:2.35.1 manifest, navigation-dynamic-features-runtime:2.3.5 manifest, play-services-measurement-api:19.0.0 manifest, firebase-encoders-json:18.0.0 manifest, sqlite:2.0.1 manifest, facebook-android-sdk:11.1.0 manifest, firebase-components:17.0.0 manifest, transport-api:3.0.0 manifest, protolite-well-known-types:18.0.0 manifest, markdown-processor:0.1.3 manifest, play-services-measurement-base:19.0.0 manifest, firebase-common-ktx:20.0.0 manifest, activity-ktx:1.3.1 manifest, firebase-crashlytics-ktx:18.0.0 manifest, coil-compose:1.3.1 manifest, multidex:2.0.1 manifest, core-runtime:2.1.0 manifest, fragment-testing:1.2.0 manifest, ui-graphics:1.0.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, ui-tooling:1.0.0 manifest, grpc-android:1.28.0 manifest, ui-unit:1.0.1 manifest, play-services-measurement:19.0.0 manifest, play:core:1.9.1 manifest, annotation-experimental:1.1.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-sdk-api:19.0.0 manifest, play-services-tasks:17.0.0 manifest, firebase-analytics:19.0.0 manifest, facebook-common:11.1.0 manifest, drawerlayout:1.1.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, navigation-compose:2.4.0-alpha09 manifest, facebook-gamingservices:11.1.0 manifest, firebase-firestore:23.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata:2.2.0 manifest, legacy-support-core-ui:1.0.0 manifest, test:monitor:1.2.0 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, facebook-applinks:11.1.0 manifest, viewpager:1.0.0 manifest, ui-geometry:1.0.1 manifest, lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1 manifest, constraintlayout:2.0.4 manifest, ui-text:1.0.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, firebase-installations-interop:17.0.0 manifest, transition:1.3.0 manifest, foundation-layout:1.0.1 manifest, appcompat-resources:1.3.1 manifest, runtime-livedata:1.0.0 manifest, runtime-saveable:1.0.1 manifest, firebase-measurement-connector:19.0.0 manifest, vectordrawable-animated:1.1.0 manifest, main nav_graph.xml navigation file Merging Errors: Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file) Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file) Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file)

android-12 targetsdkversion android-manifest android manifest
12 Answers

androidx.test:core library version 1.3.0. Upgrading to version 1.4.0 fixed the issue.

user_90505230

To solve this error in target sdk 31-

1.First of all set target sdk to 30

2.Then go to the merged manifest

3.Find if there’s any activity, service, receiver or provider that does not have android:exported set.Override all those entries and set their android:exported to true or false.

4.set target sdk back to 31 and run project

user_37532730

See also android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for <activity>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify.

Thanks to @faizy, @Android Developer I made this.

Upgrade these libraries to new versions:

androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:1.4.1"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test:core:1.4.0"

I replaced debugImplementation with androidTestImplementation in these dependencies.

Press Sync Project with Gradle Files. Run the project (or rebuild, or run Lint). Probably it won't help. Then you should make this.

  1. Downgrade targetSdkVersion to 30.

Run the project again. Probably it will compile.

In my case all needed android:exported="true" and android:exported="false" presented in activity, service, receiver and provider of merged AndroidManifest where <intent-filter> occured.

To find merged AndroidManifest, switch to Project and expand app module, then build > intermediates > merged_manifest > debug.

enter image description here

If some android:exported was missing, find a corresponding AndroidManifest and add it there.

  1. Upgrade targetSdkVersion to 31.

Run the project again. If it won't compile, probably you should rebuild the project. As usually, Build > Rebuild Project, File > Invalidate Caches > Invalidate and Restart.

After some time (several gradle syncs, restarts of Android Studio) it compiled.

user_29141400

The following in app/build.gradle may be the cause.

dependencies {
    debugImplementation androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:<1.4.0-alpha02 or lower>’
}
Solution 1

Update fragment-testing to 1.4.0-alpha03 or higher.

Solution 2

Add the following to AndroidManifest.xml.

<manifest>
    <application>
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$BootstrapActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$EmptyActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$EmptyFloatingActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
    </application>
</manifest>
user_108670550

if you are using flutter , upgrading flutter_local_notifications to the latest version (now is 9.3.2) solved this error for me..

user_70480250

I had this problem, I add android:exported="true" and also tools:node="merge" to AndroidManifest.xml but however this error was appeared . I found this is not about my project's Activates rather is about some dependencies, like this:

implementation 'com.najva.sdk:najva-android-sdk:1.3.3'

so check your project dependencies, you will find it surely.

user_122726870

This issue originates from dependencies of project. Right click on intent-filter and select find usages option. Now, in all usage places check that if exported assigned value or nor. If not, assign a value (Even in cache folders for libraries). This will fix issue until cache refresh but you have identifies the libraries creating this problem.

user_47482280

if you use ogury Ads put this in youre AndroidManifest file

 <activity
        android:name="io.presage.mraid.browser.ShortcutActivity"
        android:theme="@style/Presage.AdScreen"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
user_177478070

I found the answer,

you should add android:exported="true" to all activities, services and receivers in the AndroidManifest.xml file as following.

<activity
        android:name="com.ryanheise.audioservice.AudioServiceActivity"
        android:exported="true"
        android:launchMode="singleTop"
        android:theme="@style/LaunchTheme"
        android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|locale|layoutDirection|fontScale|screenLayout|density|uiMode"
        android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

        android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">


<service android:name="com.ryanheise.audioservice.AudioService"
        android:exported="true"
    >

and for receiver

<receiver android:name="com.ryanheise.audioservice.MediaButtonReceiver"

        android:exported="true"
user_92325000

  1. android { compileSdk 31

  2. It is important to use latest version of Gradle and Gradle Plugin.

  3. Update your all dependencies to latest version also.

If problem still persists.

  1. Go to your manifest file.
  2. Click merged manifest at the bottom.

Merged Manifest

  1. Check the error at the bottom right side, which dependency is causing the error.
  2. Go to that particular dependency from above mentioned dependencies.

Dependencies

  1. Set android:exported="true" or android:exported="false" where error was mentioned in merged manifest.

Note: Updating that dependency to the latest version will probably also fix that issue. Because in the latest versions of dependenciesexported properties are already set.

user_105888740

Explicitly add the conflicting service to Properties\AndroidManifest.xml file, so that when it is merged in by your plugin it retains the android:exported="true" (or false).

<application>
    ...
    <service android:name="1234.PNFirebaseMessagingService" android:exported="true">
      <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
      </intent-filter>
    </service>
</application>
user_2890200

solve is the problem :

1- targetSdkVersion if 31 change to 30

2- add line in AndroidManifest inside <activity android:exported="true" />

user_181381560
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