Understanding std::inout_ptr and std::out_ptr in C++23

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I've being reading the list of library changes proposed for C++23 and I'm quite curious about the std::out_ptr and std::inout_ptr (their _t siblings). As far as I understand they are some kind of wrapper for smart pointers to be compatible with raw pointers, but I haven't managed to understand them yet. Maybe someone here is familiar with the proposal or may give a less ISO-like explanation or examples?

c++23 pointers c++
1 Answers

TL;DR - it is for simpler and more seemless interoperability between C out/inout pointer parameters and smart pointers

Longer answer

Let's separate the stuff. std::out_ptr and std::inout_ptr are functions used to create objects of type std::out_ptr_t and std::inout_ptr_t respectively. What are those types and functions for? Let's look at an example inspired by this (for simplicity I replaced generic argument with good ol' int):

int foreign_resetter(int**);
auto up = std::make_unique<int>(5);
 
if (int ec = foreign_resetter(std::inout_ptr(up)) {
    return ec;
}

As you see std::inout_ptr_t created with std::inout_ptr is passed to function taking pointer to pointer to the template argument of std::unique_ptr. Before adding std::inout_ptr_t interoperation with old C in-out pointer parameters was much more cumbersome and error prone. It would look more less like this:

int foreign_resetter(int**);
auto up = std::make_unique<int>(5);
 
int* up_raw = up.release();
if (int ec = foreign_resetter(&up_raw)) {
    return ec;
}
up.reset(up_raw);
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