If you check the code of the function ClassificationInterpretation.plot_confusion_matrix (in file fastai / interpret.py), this is what you see:
def plot_confusion_matrix(self, normalize=False, title='Confusion matrix', cmap="Blues", norm_dec=2,
plot_txt=True, **kwargs):
"Plot the confusion matrix, with `title` and using `cmap`."
# This function is mainly copied from the sklearn docs
cm = self.confusion_matrix()
if normalize: cm = cm.astype('float') / cm.sum(axis=1)[:, np.newaxis]
fig = plt.figure(**kwargs)
plt.imshow(cm, interpolation='nearest', cmap=cmap)
plt.title(title)
tick_marks = np.arange(len(self.vocab))
plt.xticks(tick_marks, self.vocab, rotation=90)
plt.yticks(tick_marks, self.vocab, rotation=0)
The key here is the line fig = plt.figure(**kwargs), so basically, the function plot_confusion_matrix will propagate its parameters to the plot function.
So you could use either one of these:
dpi=xxx (e.g. dpi=200)
figsize=(xxx, yyy)
See this post on StackOverflow about the relations they have with each other:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/47639545/1603480
So in your case, you could just do:
interp.plot_confusion_matrix(figsize=(12, 12))
And the Confusion Matrix would look like:

FYI: this also applies to other plot functions, like
interp.plot_top_losses(20, nrows=5, figsize=(25, 25))