From this page: https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/blog/posts/2019/jwt-security-nobody-talks-about.html:
The fourth security-relevant reserved claim is "iss." This claim indicates the identity > of the party that issued the JWT. The claim holds a simple string, of which the value is > at the discretion of the issuer. The consumer of a JWT should always check that the > "iss" claim matches the expected issuer (e.g., sso.example.com).
As an example, in Kubernetes when I configure the kubernetes auth like this for using a JWT for a vault service account (from helm), I no longer get an ISS error when accessing the vault:
vault write auth/kubernetes/config \
token_reviewer_jwt="$(cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token)" \
kubernetes_host="https://$KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:443" \
kubernetes_ca_cert=@/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt \
issuer="https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
But what does this URL mean? Is it a somewhat arbitrary string that was set when the JWT was generated?