How to find using Kusto query language if a column name contains 'teams' in a database and return all table and column names?

you can use .show database schema: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/kusto/management/show-schema-database

for example:

.show database MyDatabase schema
| where ColumnName contains 'teams'
| project TableName, ColumnName

or

.show database MyDatabase schema
| where ColumnName contains 'teams'
| summarize Columns = make_list(ColumnName) by TableName