Investigate the default library style
One way is to console the theme like:
const useStyles = makeStyles((theme) => {
console.log(theme);
return {
...
};
});
Second way is to check by incpect the element with the dev tools and check for the default styles
Third way is to go and see where it's define in the library:
Here we can see that the fontWeight of TableCell head is "fontWeightMedium"

And here we see what the value of "fontWeightMedium"

(Old answer) How to override the styles:
In your codesandbox the default font-weight is 500.
and you can override it like this:
https://codesandbox.io/s/silly-driscoll-n9yyw
I add this override:
const useStyles = makeStyles({
table: {
minWidth: 650,
"& .MuiTableCell-head": {
fontWeight: 700
}
}
});
In material ui a better way is to update all the overrides in one place - theme:
import React from 'react';
import { ThemeProvider, createTheme } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
const theme = createTheme({
overrides: {
MuiButton: {
root: {
fontSize: '1rem',
},
},
},
});
export default function GlobalThemeOverride() {
return (
<ThemeProvider theme={theme}>
<Button>font-size: 1rem</Button>
</ThemeProvider>
);
}
(https://material-ui.com/customization/components/)