Is it possible to remove an EF Core Database migration after the database is updated with the same

Yes, it's possible, but only if it is the last migration or if you revert all migrations after it.

To revert all migrations including the desired, use the -Migration parameter of the same Update-Database command and pass the name/id of the migration before the desired (or special value 0 if it is the first)

Update-Database MigrationBeforeTheOneYouWantToRevert

For more info, see Applying Migrations - Command-line tools sections of the official EF Core documentation.