While creating a new project, there's the option to Enable Docker as depicted below. I've used containers for a while and set up my docker files manually, not as a part of any template. In fact, that's how I've taught myself once, looong time ago, and, frankly, never even thought of an alternative.
I'm currently setting up a new project and I'm not sure what precisely (and I mean nerdly, academically precisely) that checkbox does to my creation. Googling the matter (proof of effort in links below) gave me a lot of great info but not the actual answer to whether the addition of the docker container definition actually is the only deviation from the usual template based project. It maybe is there and I'm simply to dense to realize it. Feel free to smack me in the back of my head if so is the case.
MSDN on containers
MSDN on docker support in VS
C# corner on general docker approach in VS
Blog on practical considerations
Example of (one of several) unrelated SO posts

