How can I select expressions that cannot be a member of a group and are not empty in regex for markdown?

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I'm trying to do a customized markdown. I am also using katex with the $ ... $ group. But when replacing expressions, if they are in the $ ... $ group, I have to not replace these expressions.

EXAMPLE : Lorem **Ipsum**(1) is *simply*(2) dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, $ \sqrt{2} **must be no bold **(3) *must be no italic *(4) $ ****(5) **(6)...

  • Example (1): Start with ** and end with ** and it's not in a $...$ group so it will be bold.
  • Example (2): Start with * and end with * and it's not in a $...$ group so it will be italic.
  • Example (3): Start with ** and end with ** but it's in a $...$ group so it will not be bold.
  • Example (4): Start with * and end with * but it's in a $...$ group so it will not be italic.
  • Example (5): Start with ** and end with ** but it's empty so it will not be bold.
  • Example (6): Start with * and end with * but it's empty so it will not be italic.

So, I need two regex. One of them should select those that start with ** and end with ** that cannot be empty and are not in the $ ... $ group. The other is to select the ones that start with * and end with * that cannot be empty and are not in the $ ... $ group.

javascript regex
1 Answers

To select the ones that start with * and end with * that cannot be empty and are not in the $ ... $ group:

You may use this regex:

(?<!\*)\*[^*\s]+\*(?!\*)(?=(?:(?:[^$]*\$){2})*[^$]*$)

RegEx Demo

RegEx Details:

  • (?<!\*): Negative lookbehind to fail the match if previous character is a *
  • \*: Match opening *
  • [^*\s]+: Match 1+ of any character that is not a * and not a whitespace
  • \*: Match closing *
  • (?!\*): Negative lookahead to fail the match if next character is a *
  • (?=(?:(?:[^$]*\$){2})*[^$]*$): Lookahead to assert 0 or more pair of $..$ ahead to make sure we are not matching inside $...$

If you want to match single star text inside the $...$ use:

(?<!\*)\*[^*\s]+\*(?!\*)(?!(?:(?:[^$]*\$){2})*[^$]*$)

RegEx Demo 2

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