Docker Composed PostgreSQL Copy Functioning but No Relations Found in Database

I have a simple Dockerfile that sets up a database and then runs a .sql file. The image builds and container starts with no apparent issue, but PostgreSQL is missing data that should have been included. Here's the setup, logs, and problem---

Dockerfile

FROM postgres
ENV POSTGRES_USER postgres
ENV POSTGRES_PASSWORD postgres
ENV POSTGRES_DB exampledb
COPY db-setup.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

I run it with docker build -t example-db ./

This is the copied .sql file

BEGIN;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
  id integer NOT NULL,
  name VARCHAR,
  email VARCHAR,
  password VARCHAR,
  remember_token varchar(100),
  company_name VARCHAR,
  company_street VARCHAR,
  company_city VARCHAR,
  company_zipcode integer,
  created_at timestamp,
  updated_at timestamp
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quotes (
  id integer NOT NULL,
  dot_number integer,
  nbr_of_power_units integer,
  value_of_power_units integer,
  premium_amount integer,
  premium_tax integer,
  premium_total integer,
  street VARCHAR,
  city VARCHAR,
  state VARCHAR,
  zipcode integer,
  driver1_name VARCHAR,
  driver1_age integer,
  driver2_name VARCHAR,
  driver2_age integer,
  driver3_name VARCHAR,
  driver3_age integer,
  driver4_name VARCHAR,
  driver4_age integer,
  driver5_name VARCHAR,
  driver5_age integer,
  created_at timestamp,
  updated_at timestamp
);
INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (1, 'test-user');

Lastly I start the container via docker run --name example-container -p 5432:5432 example-db

It appears to function correctly, outputing this log.

This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
ok


Success. You can now start the database server using:

    pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start

waiting for server to start....2021-05-07 04:04:45.428 UTC [47] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 13.2 (Debian 13.2-1.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
2021-05-07 04:04:45.429 UTC [47] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2021-05-07 04:04:45.435 UTC [48] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2021-05-07 04:04:45 UTC
2021-05-07 04:04:45.439 UTC [47] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
 done
server started
CREATE DATABASE


/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/db-setup.sql
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1


waiting for server to shut down....2021-05-07 04:04:45.772 UTC [47] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
2021-05-07 04:04:45.774 UTC [47] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
2021-05-07 04:04:45.776 UTC [47] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 54) exited with exit code 1
2021-05-07 04:04:45.777 UTC [49] LOG:  shutting down
2021-05-07 04:04:45.810 UTC [47] LOG:  database system is shut down
 done
server stopped

PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.

2021-05-07 04:04:45.919 UTC [1] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 13.2 (Debian 13.2-1.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
2021-05-07 04:04:45.919 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2021-05-07 04:04:45.920 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2021-05-07 04:04:45.923 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2021-05-07 04:04:45.929 UTC [84] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2021-05-07 04:04:45 UTC
2021-05-07 04:04:45.935 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections 

Pulling from that log there's an indication that the tables in the .sql file were created, and the test row inserted.

/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/db-setup.sql
BEGIN
CREATE ROLE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1

However, when I bash into the Docker container docker exec -it example-container /bin/bash and then log into psql psql -U postgres I can see the newly created database

------------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
 exampledb | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | 
 postgres   | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | 
 template0  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
            |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
            |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres

But, connecting to the db and running \dt yields- "Did not find any relations."

I am very confused and any help would be appreciated.