I don't know how your requested information can be useful, but using Activity Monitor you can see that the process Docker has a whale logo on the left. This is the main process I believe, and it's under /Applications/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/
See the output of pgrep -lf Docker
/Applications/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS $ pgrep -lf Docker
959 /Applications/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/Docker --autostart
1037 /Applications/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/com.docker.backend -watchdog
1052 /Applications/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/com.docker.supervisor -watchdog
1145 com.docker.hyperkit -A -u -F vms/0/hyperkit.pid -c 4 -m 2048M -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 31,lpc -s 1:0,virtio-vpnkit,path=vpnkit.eth.sock,uuid=06bb4d78-917b-4fe8-a028-2b3bd61d8129 -U 7ac0630a-11d4-4837-8571-9d936ae8f75e -s 2:0,virtio-blk,file:///Users/teixeira/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/vms/0/Docker.qcow2?sync=os&buffered=1,format=qcow,qcow-config=discard=true;compact_after_unmaps=262144;keep_erased=262144;runtime_asserts=false -s 3,virtio-sock,guest_cid=3,path=vms/0,guest_forwards=2376;1525 -s 4,virtio-rnd -l com1,null,asl,log=vms/0/console-ring -f kexec,/Applications/Docker.app/Contents/Resources/linuxkit/kernel,/Applications/Docker.app/Contents/Resources/linuxkit/initrd.img,earlyprintk=serial page_poison=1 vsyscall=emulate panic=1 nospec_store_bypass_disable noibrs noibpb no_stf_barrier mitigations=off console=ttyS0 console=ttyS1 vpnkit.connect=connect://2/1999
The closest thing that offer a listen endpoint customization is the com.docker.backend binary, but as @BMitch has pointed, the daemon.json file is the way to customize the engine, and you can do it from the docker UI.