How do I write these symbols in LaTeX?
One possibility is the mathabx package:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathabx}
\begin{document}
\[
\odiv
\oplus
\ominus
\otimes
\]
\[
\bigodiv
\bigoplus
\bigominus
\bigotimes
\]
\end{document}
If you don't need the big versions, then the stix package would be another alternative.