I think you are mixing two or more things together. First you have a unix program called curl which will, if you have the unix program in windows give you:
C:\>curl --url tg://resolve?domain=telegram
curl: (1) Protocol "tg" not supported or disabled in libcurl
curl supports these protocols
PROTOCOLS
curl supports numerous protocols, or put in URL terms:
schemes. Your particular build may not support them all.
DICT
Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries.
FILE
Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing file:// URL
remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows using the native UNC
approach will work.
FTP(S)
curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks and
levers. With or without using TLS.
GOPHER
Retrieve files.
HTTP(S)
curl supports HTTP with numerous options and variations. It can speak
HTTP version 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2 and 3 depending on build options and the
correct command line options.
IMAP(S)
Using the mail reading protocol, curl can "download" emails for you.
With or without using TLS.
LDAP(S)
curl can do directory lookups for you, with or without TLS.
MQTT
curl supports MQTT version 3. Downloading over MQTT equals "subscribe"
to a topic while uploading/posting equals "publish" on a topic. MQTT
support is experimental and TLS based MQTT is not supported (yet).
POP3(S)
Downloading from a pop3 server means getting a mail. With or without
using TLS.
RTMP(S)
The Realtime Messaging Protocol is primarily used to server streaming
media and curl can download it.
RTSP
curl supports RTSP 1.0 downloads.
SCP
curl supports SSH version 2 scp transfers.
SFTP
curl supports SFTP (draft 5) done over SSH version 2.
SMB(S)
curl supports SMB version 1 for upload and download.
SMTP(S)
Uploading contents to an SMTP server means sending an email. With or
without TLS.
TELNET
Telling curl to fetch a telnet URL starts an interactive session where
it sends what it reads on stdin and outputs what the server sends it.
TFTP
curl can do TFTP downloads and uploads.
Your telegram protocol is not among those supported, thus you are getting the error.
PowerShell output:
curl --url tg://resolve?domain=telegram curl: (1) Protocol "tg" not supported or disabled in libcurl
Invoke-WebRequest : A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument 'tg://resolve?domain=te legram'.
At line:1 char:1
+ curl --url tg://resolve?domain=telegram curl: (1) Protocol "tg" not s ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidArgument: (:) [Invoke-WebRequest], ParameterBindingException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : PositionalParameterNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebReques
tCommand
The second part is the curl in powershell which is just alias for Invoke-WebRequest. This supports only HTTP or HTTPS only. For more see ms docs on Invoke-WebRequest.
The Invoke-RestMethod is similar to Invoke-WebRequest as it sends an HTTP or HTTPS request to a RESTful web service. The difference is in the RESTful part.
Conclusion
You are out of luck, unless somebody decides to add the tg:// protocol support into the unix/linux curl.