I am aware that according to the standard, fun(++a, a) should be avoided since second argument is not well defined.
However, is this formulation safe:
(++a ? a : 10);
I tested this snippet and it works as expected, ie for a = -1 it evaluates as 10, and for any other a it evaluates as a+1. Is this well defined in the standard, or it strongly depends on the compiler?
This is well defined.
In a ternary expression, the first part is evaluated first. Then based on that value, either the second or the third part is evaluated. So ++a is guaranteed to be evaluated before a is possible evaluated.
This is explained in section 6.5.15p4 of the C standard:
The first operand is evaluated; there is a sequence point between its evaluation and the evaluation of the second or third operand (whichever is evaluated). The second operand is evaluated only if the first compares unequal to 0; the third operand is evaluated only if the first compares equal to 0; the result is the value of the second or third operand(whichever is evaluated), converted to the type described below.