The issue arises from a mismatch between R's color names and HTML/CSS color names. Here is the source code chunk used in the slides to create the xaringanthemer CSS:
```{r xaringan-themer, include=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
library(xaringanthemer)
style_xaringan(title_slide_background_image = "https://wallpapercave.com/wp/wp2567196.jpg",
background_color = "grey14",
title_slide_text_color = "white"
)
```
Unfortunately "grey14" is an R color, but it's not recognized by HTML, so the slide background becomes transparent. A warning is emitted that hexadecimal colors are expected if used by theme_xaringan(), so I understand why the warning was ignored.
In some cases, the color names are the same — e.g. "white" is both an R and HTML color — so it made sense to me to warn rather than throw an error in cases like these.
You can use col2rgb() to lookup the rgb or hex representation of the color:
col2rgb("grey14")
#> [,1]
#> red 36
#> green 36
#> blue 36
rgb(36, 36, 36, maxColorValue = 255)
#> [1] "#242424"
So either background_color="#242424" or background_color = "rgb(36,36,36)" would create slides with a solid background.