How to pass current value of form input to a Vue component prop?

I have an existing HTML signup form (built using Laravel) that works great. I'm trying to create a Vue component that I can drop in place to progressively enhance it with password-requirements checkboxes like this:

My question is, how do I pass the current password value into the props of the component? I think what I'm looking for is called a one-way binding, but I'm not sure. Read on.

Here is an extremely simplified version of my form:

<div id="app">
    <form>
        <input id="email" type="email" required>
        
        <input id="passwordInput" type="password" required>

        <password-requirements password="<How do I bind this to #passwordInput above?>" />
        
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>
</div>

Here is how my Vue application instance is attached to the page and how the component is registered:

app.js

Vue.component('password-requirements', require('./components/PasswordRequirements.vue').default);

const app = new Vue({
    el: '#app'
});

...and here is a simplified version of my code for the custom component:

PasswordRequirements.vue

<template>
    <!-- template html goes here -->
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        data: function () {
            return {
                hasLength: false,
                hasLowercase: false,
                hasUppercase: false,
                hasNumberOrSymbol: false
            }
        },
        props: {
            password: {
                type: String
            }
        },
        methods: {
            checkPassword: function() {
                /* code to check password requirements goes here */
            }
        },
        mounted() {
            this.checkPassword();
        }
    }
</script>

Again, my question is how to pass the current password value to the props of the <password-requirements> component. I would like to turn this into a reusable component that I can quickly drop into other existing forms to progressively enhance them, without requiring major changes to the form.

Thanks!