I'm currently writing metainfo for GUI and non-GUI applications.
For that, I'm extensively studying the official metainfo documentation, but its unspecific to ambiguous in many places, to put it mildly (optionality, multiplicity of tags, ordering, …; in fact, the doc is using <tag/> to define tags that actually have content <tag>foobar</tag> and those that' don't, <tag prop="foobar"/>, alike).
Since I'm planning adhere to a format that will probably be rejected by a parser if validation fails, I'd like to have the DTD that parser uses. This is XML, after all, and I'm pretty certain the developers chose XML exactly because it comes with a schema specification language.
I can't find that schema, however. I tried finding my way through the source code of appstream-generator and appstream-cli, but I had no success.