Before going into the difference between React JS and React TS, you have to understand how React TS projects, in fact any TS project, actually works.
TypeScript is not a language that runs natively on the web. The typings that you add to your codebase don't have any meaning on the browser. When you build your code, your TypeScript code gets transpiled to JavaScript. So if you look at the bundled code, you can't find any difference between React JS and React TS, they bundle the same JavaScript code.
With that out of the way, let's talk about React Native and React. React, on its own, is a framework to build applications declaratively with components. When people refer to React while building a web app, they often just say React but they should instead say React and React-DOM because React-DOM is the library that actually renders to the browser.
You can think of React as the foundations of the React ecosystem. React-DOM is the library that builds on React to render your applications on the web. React Native is the library that renders your application on mobile apps and even more (MacOS, Windows, Apple TV and so on are also possible compile targets for React Native). I suggest you read React Native documentation to learn more about how it does this. I've personally used the Expo Managed Workflow to develop cross-platform mobile apps.
The difference between doing React JS and React TS is the language you write. You write JavaScript or TypeScript, but at the end of the day the bundle is always JavaScript (Note: Deno is different, it natively runs TypeScript, check it out).
And the difference between writing Javascript and Typescript is only the developer experience. When you write Typescript, you get static type-checking and incredible autocompletion. I always write Typescript because it finds most mistakes I make before I get a chance to even run my code. The downside to this is that, when I use libraries that don't have typings, I have to deal with that on my own (either write typings myself or use something else).