The segfault seems to be a bug in the gvpr program.
This bug seems to be fixed on the latest gvpr version from the edge repository, 2.47.0-r2, which could be installed with:
apk add graphviz --repository=http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
On graphviz 2.44.0 (Alpine 3.13 and 3.12), the bug seems to reproduce still.
In the graphviz gitlab repository, going over the commit history of gvpr.c, this commit from 13 Aug 2020 stands out:
fix: pass format parameter into gverrorf explicitly
Matthew Fernandez authored 8 months ago
The gverrorf function was prototyped in a way that did not align with a function
pointer it was stored into. On platforms with more forgiving varargs calling
conventions, everything worked out OK. However, on other platforms calling
gverrorf through this function pointer would result in stack corruption. This
change aligns gverrorf with the type of the function pointer in which it is
stored.
This potential stack corruption might very well explain the segfault on Alpine, that is based on musl-libc which is generally a more strict libc implementation.
Looking at other commits as well, this seems like the most likely fix.