One way to configure Apache Cassandra's data directories, was to use multiple data drives. In the bare metal world of a few years ago, this was usually multiple, physical disks. The way to configure them in the cassandra.yaml would be like this:
data_file_directories:
- /data01
- /data02
- /data03
- /data04
This assumes that the Cassandra instance has four physical drives, attached on the data0[1-4] mount points. Cassandra would then treat these directories in a JBOD (just a bunch of disks) fashion, spreading data evenly across them.
In this case, computing concurrent_reads with your formula above would be 16 x 4, as there are four drives. Given the emergence of solid state drives, the use of multiple, physical (or logical) disks isn't done much today (in my experience).
tl;dr;
If you're unsure of how many drives you have, check your mount points (df -h, /etc/fstab, etc...). Or you will probably be fine assuming one, and adjusting that calculation based on your available compute resources.