This behavior (the next date from today including today) could be implemented manually by this formula:
={
"Next date from today";
ARRAYFORMULA(
IFS(
A2:A >= TODAY(),
A2:A,
B2:B = "Daily",
TODAY() + MOD(TODAY() - A2:A, C2:C),
B2:B = "Weekly",
TODAY() + MOD(TODAY() - A2:A, 7 * C2:C),
B2:B = "Monthly",
EDATE(A2:A, ROUNDUP((12 * (YEAR(TODAY()) - YEAR(A2:A)) + (MONTH(TODAY()) - MONTH(A2:A)) - IF(DAY(TODAY()) < DAY(A2:A), 1, 0)) / C2:C, 0) * C2:C),
True,
""
)
)
}
For additional options (like "every 2nd monday of the month" and others) additional options should be implemented in that IFS part.

If you are interested in a trivial case where the next date from the start date (column F:F on the screenshot) is needed, then the formula would be much simpler:
={
"Next date";
ARRAYFORMULA(
IFS(
B2:B = "Daily",
A2:A + C2:C,
B2:B = "Weekly",
A2:A + 7 * C2:C,
B2:B = "Monthly",
EDATE(A2:A, C2:C),
True,
""
)
)
}
Again, for additional options you'll need to add corresponding part to the IFS.