I've tried the obvious:
apt-get install -y clang++-7 libc++abi-7-dev libc++-7-dev
apt-get install -y clang++-8 libc++-8-dev libc++abi-8-dev
apt-get install -y clang++-9 libc++-9-dev libc++abi-9-dev
apt-get install -y clang++-10 libc++-10-dev libc++abi-10-dev
No problem with multiple versions of clang++. But each version of libc++ appears to uninstall the previous.
When I try:
apt-get install libc++abi-7-dev libc++-7-dev libc++abi-8-dev libc++-8-dev libc++-9-dev libc++abi-9-dev libc++-10-dev libc++abi-10-dev
I get
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libc++-10-dev : Conflicts: libc++-x.y-dev
libc++-7-dev : Depends: libc++1-7 (= 1:7.0.1-12) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++-x.y-dev
libc++-8-dev : Depends: libc++1-8 (= 1:8.0.1-9) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++-x.y-dev
libc++-9-dev : Depends: libc++1-9 (= 1:9.0.1-11ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++-x.y-dev
libc++abi-10-dev : Conflicts: libc++abi-x.y-dev
libc++abi-7-dev : Depends: libc++abi1-7 (= 1:7.0.1-12) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++abi-x.y-dev
libc++abi-8-dev : Depends: libc++abi1-8 (= 1:8.0.1-9) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++abi-x.y-dev
libc++abi-9-dev : Depends: libc++abi1-9 (= 1:9.0.1-11ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
Conflicts: libc++abi-x.y-dev
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Now I'm trying this on ubuntu 20.04, but I've tried similar on past versions of Ubuntu, and run into basically the same problem.