Is it possible to declare a static typed variable?

If I have a following function:

def rand(int: int) -> int:
    ...

rand('2')

It is working because when I call a rand function the editor showing the error. But it is still compiling the code. And I can write something like:

def rand(num: int) -> int:
    if not isinstance(num, int):
        raise ValueError(f"{num} is not a integer")
    return 0

I want to raise a error without doing some logic in the function. Is it possible to raise a error when calling function and without checking it?