Scatter plot with color gradient based on distance from 0:0 lines

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I'm currently trying to change the colors of the points in a scatterplot. I want the color to go from white to another color (red, blue...) while the points are distancing themself from the 0 horizontal AND vertical axis. Here is an drawn example ! This is what kind of colors I want.

y <- c(rnorm(5000, mean = 0), rnorm(500, mean = 0))
df <- data.frame(x, y)
plot(df$x ~ df$y,xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(-4,4))
abline(h=0,lty=2);abline(v=0,lty=2)

I tried to work on the residuals from a linear model, but I couldn't figured out how to to what I wanted. I would prefer in basic R as i'm not using ggplot.

Thanks you very much !

scatter gradient r graphics colors
1 Answers

This base-R solution might work for you:

df <- data.frame(x = rnorm(500, mean = 0),
                 y = rnorm(500, mean = 0))
dist <- sapply(1:nrow(df),function(i){min(abs(df[i,c('x','y')]))})
dist <- dist/max(dist)
df$lightness <- (1-round(dist,2))
df$color <- with(df,ifelse(x >0, 
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(lightness,1,lightness),rgb(1,lightness,lightness)),
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(lightness,lightness,1),rgb(1,lightness,1))))

plot(df$x ~ df$y,xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(-4,4),col = df$color,pch =20)
abline(h=0,lty=2);abline(v=0,lty=2)

Edit:

It might even be a bit nicer if you just set the alpha-values like so:

df <- data.frame(x = rnorm(500, mean = 0),
                 y = rnorm(500, mean = 0))
dist <- sapply(1:nrow(df),function(i){min(abs(df[i,c('x','y')]))})
dist <- dist/max(dist)
df$lightness <- round(dist,2)
df$color <- with(df,ifelse(x >0, 
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(.7,0,0,lightness),rgb(.8,.6,0,lightness)),
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(.1,.4,.7,lightness),rgb(.1,.5,.1,lightness))))

plot(df$x ~ df$y,xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(-4,4),col = df$color,pch =20)
abline(h=0,lty=2);abline(v=0,lty=2)

This way you are completely free in your color-choice.

Edit 2

And using the vectorized minimum (from here) to be more efficient:

library(tidyverse)
df <- data.frame(x = rnorm(10000, mean = 0),
                 y = rnorm(10000, mean = 0))
dist <- pmin(abs(df$x), abs(df$y))
dist <- dist/max(dist)
df$lightness <- round(dist,2)
df$color <- with(df,ifelse(x >0, 
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(.7,0,0,lightness),rgb(.8,.6,0,lightness)),
                           ifelse(y >0,rgb(.1,.4,.7,lightness),rgb(.1,.5,.1,lightness))))

plot(df$x ~ df$y,xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(-4,4),col = df$color,pch =20)
abline(h=0,lty=2);abline(v=0,lty=2)

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