How to specify the type introduced in a match of class with independent type parameter

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I followed the talk given by Runar Bjarnason about free monads: http://functionaltalks.org/2014/11/23/runar-oli-bjarnason-free-monad/

I have the following piece of code from his initial example (I used the name Continuation instead of Bind and Box instead of F - I like them better for now) :

object TestFreeMonads
{
  sealed trait Interact[A]

  case class Ask(prompt: String) extends Interact[String]
  case class Tell(msg: String) extends Interact[Unit]


  sealed trait Free[Box[_], A] {
    def flatMap[B](f: A => Free[Box, B]): Free[Box, B] =
      this match {
        case Return(a) => f(a)
        case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation(v, cont andThen (_ flatMap f)   )
//      The following line does not compile: missing parameter type for expanded function ((<x$1: error>) => cont(x$1).flatMap(f))
//        case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation(v,  cont(_).flatMap(f) )
//      This line does compile:
//        case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation[Box, Any, B](v, cont(_).flatMap(f) )
      }

    def map[B](f: A => B): Free[Box, B] = flatMap(a => Return(f(a)))
  }

  case class Return[Box[_], A](a: A) extends Free[Box, A]
  case class Continuation[Box[_], I, A](v: Box[I], cont: I => Free[Box, A]) extends Free[Box, A]

  def lift[Box[_], A](v: Box[A]): Free[Box, A] = Continuation(v, (a: A) => Return(a))

  implicit def liftInteract[A](v: Interact[A]) : Free[Interact, A] = lift(v)

  def prog: Free[Interact, Unit]  = {
    for {
      first <- Ask("First Name")
      last <- Ask("Last Name")
      _ <- Tell(s"Hello, $first $last")
    } yield ()
  }

}

I don't understand why this line compiles: case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation(v, cont andThen (_ flatMap f) ) but not this one: case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation(v, cont(_).flatMap(f) ).

The third line case Continuation(v, cont ) => Continuation[Box, Any, B](v, cont(_).flatMap(f) ) compiles as well but it is kind of verbose and I used Any as value for the I type parameter which I think it is questionable. Ideally I should declare somehow the type of v and use it, but it doesn't seem possible.

Ultimately v has the type I but it is kind of under the hood.

I used scala 2.13.1:

...
scalaVersion := "2.13.1"

scalacOptions += "-feature"
scalacOptions += "-language:implicitConversions"
...
1 Answers

Try binding type variable i (lower-case)

case Continuation(v, cont: Function1[i, _]) => Continuation(v, cont(_: i).flatMap(f))

Also you can use type pattern

case c: Continuation[Box, i, A] => Continuation(c.v, c.cont(_: i).flatMap(f))
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