I was surprised by a MySQL log entry equivalent to yours, @Isaac, which led me to your question, although I'm not working with Docker. Here is what I think I've learned and what I've done.
MySQL's "X plugin" extends MySQL to be able to function as a document store. See MySQL manual section on server plugins, manual section on document store features, and April 2018 document store availability announcement.
By default, for its X plugin features, MySQL listens on port 33060, bound to all IP addresses. See manual section on X plugin options and system variables (indicating default values for "mysqlx_port" and "mysqlx_bind_address"), and X plugin option and variable reference. For its traditional features, MySQL still uses port 3306 by default.
I believe the default X plugin port and network address are what are reflected in the log entry you posted. In particular, I believe the excerpt X Plugin ... bind-address: '::' indicates MySQL's default wildcard ip address binding for X plugin connections.
If you'd like to use the X plugin features but refrain from listening to all IP addresses for them, you can specify the address(es) to which it listens for TCP/IP connections with the mysqlx_bind_address option. The command line format would be
--mysqlx-bind-address=addr
Alternatively, you could set that system variable in a MySQL option file, like this for example:
[mysqld]
<... other mysqld option group settings>
mysqlx_bind_address = 127.0.0.1
The MySQL manual provides helpful general information about specifying options on the command line or in an option file. Here is some information about setting MySQL options in a Docker container, although I have never tried it.
It seems there are distinct settings for the network addresses listened to by MySQL's X-plugin-enabled features and MySQL's traditional features. You set the network address(es) for the traditional features with the bind_address option. So if you want to limit both sets of features to listening for TCP/IP connections from localhost, you could, for example, put this in your MySQL options file, which is what I've just tried in mine:
[mysqld]
bind_address = 127.0.0.1
mysqlx_bind_address = 127.0.0.1
In contrast, it appears, you could set a single system variable -- skip_networking -- to permit only local, non-TCP/IP connections (e.g., Unix sockets, or Windows named pipes or shared memory) for both traditional and X Plugin features.
If you don't want to use the X plugin features at all, you could disable them as @alx suggested.
To verify which network addresses and ports MySQL is listening on, you have a variety of options. In my non-docker Linux environment, I found
netstat -l | grep tcp
and
sudo lsof -i | grep mysql
helpful.