Stop SqlDependency in custom ASP.NET Core Configuration Provider

I have written a custom configuration provider to load ASP.NET Core configuration from a database table as per the instructions here:

ASP.Net Custom Configuration Provider

My provider uses SqlDependency to reload configuration should the values in the database change.

The documentation for SqlDependency states that:

The Stop method must be called for each Start call. A given listener only shuts down fully when it receives the same number of Stop requests as Start requests.

What I'm not sure about is how to do this within a custom configuration provider for ASP.NET Core.

Here we go with the code:

DbConfigurationSource

Basically a container for IDbProvider which handles retrieving the data from the database

public class DbConfigurationSource : IConfigurationSource
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Used to access the contents of the file.
    /// </summary>
    public virtual IDbProvider DbProvider { get; set; }


    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the source will be loaded if the underlying data changes.
    /// </summary>
    public virtual bool ReloadOnChange { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Will be called if an uncaught exception occurs in FileConfigurationProvider.Load.
    /// </summary>
    public Action<DbLoadExceptionContext> OnLoadException { get; set; }

    public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
    {
        return new DbConfigurationProvider(this);
    }
}

DbConfigurationDataProvider

This is the class that creates and watches the SqlDependency and loads in the data from the database. This is also where the Dispose() call is where I want to Stop() the SqlDependency. Dispose() is not currently called.

public class DbConfigurationDataProvider : IDbProvider, IDisposable
{        
    private readonly string _applicationName;
    private readonly string _connectionString;

    private ConfigurationReloadToken _reloadToken;

    public DbConfigurationDataProvider(string applicationName, string connectionString)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(applicationName))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(applicationName));
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(connectionString))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(connectionString));
        }

        _applicationName = applicationName;
        _connectionString = connectionString;

        _reloadToken = new ConfigurationReloadToken();

        SqlDependency.Start(_connectionString);
    }

    void OnDependencyChange(object sender, SqlNotificationEventArgs e)
    {
        var dependency = (SqlDependency)sender;
        dependency.OnChange -= OnDependencyChange;

        var previousToken = Interlocked.Exchange(
            ref _reloadToken,
            new ConfigurationReloadToken());

        previousToken.OnReload();
    }

    public IChangeToken Watch()
    {
        return _reloadToken;
    }

    public List<ApplicationSettingDto> GetData()
    {
        var settings = new List<ApplicationSettingDto>();

        var sql = "select parameter, value from dbo.settingsTable where application = @application";

        using (var connection = new SqlConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            using (var command = new SqlCommand(sql, connection))
            {
                command.Parameters.AddWithValue("application", _applicationName);

                var dependency = new SqlDependency(command);

                // Subscribe to the SqlDependency event.  
                dependency.OnChange += OnDependencyChange;

                connection.Open();

                using (var reader = command.ExecuteReader())
                {
                    var keyIndex = reader.GetOrdinal("parameter");
                    var valueIndex = reader.GetOrdinal("value");

                    while (reader.Read())
                    {
                        settings.Add(new ApplicationSettingDto
                            {Key = reader.GetString(keyIndex), Value = reader.GetString(valueIndex)});
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now}: {settings.Count} settings loaded");

        return settings;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        SqlDependency.Stop(_connectionString);
        Debug.WriteLine($"{nameof(WhsConfigurationProvider)} Disposed");
    }
}

DbConfigurationProvider

This class monitors the changeToken in DbConfigurationDataProvider and publishes the new configuration to the application.

public class DbConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
{
    private DbConfigurationSource Source { get; }

    public DbConfigurationProvider(DbConfigurationSource source)
    {
        Source = source ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));

        if (Source.ReloadOnChange && Source.DbProvider != null)
        {
            ChangeToken.OnChange(
                () => Source.DbProvider.Watch(),
                () =>
                {                        
                    Load(reload: true);
                });                
        }           
    }

    private void Load(bool reload)
    {
        // Always create new Data on reload to drop old keys
        if (reload)
        {
            Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }

        var settings = Source.DbProvider.GetData();

        try
        {
            Load(settings);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            HandleException(e);
        }

        OnReload();
    }

    public override void Load()
    {
        Load(reload: false);
    }

    public void Load(List<ApplicationSettingDto> settings)
    {
        Data = settings.ToDictionary(s => s.Key, s => s.Value, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);                       
    }

    private void HandleException(Exception e)
    {
            // Removed for brevity
    }     
}

DbConfigurationExtensions

The extension method called to set everything up.

public static class DbConfigurationExtensions
{
    public static IConfigurationBuilder AddDbConfiguration(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, IConfiguration config, string applicationName = "")
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(applicationName))
        {
            applicationName = config.GetValue<string>("ApplicationName");
        }

        // DB Server and Catalog loaded from Environment Variables for now
        var server = config.GetValue<string>("DbConfigurationServer");
        var database = config.GetValue<string>("DbConfigurationDatabase");

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(server))
        {
            // Removed for brevity
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(database))
        {
            // Removed for brevity
        }

        var sqlBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
        {
            DataSource = server,
            InitialCatalog = database,
            IntegratedSecurity = true
        };

        return builder.Add(new DbConfigurationSource
        {
             DbProvider = new DbConfigurationDataProvider(applicationName, sqlBuilder.ToString()),                
             ReloadOnChange = true
        } );
    }
}

Finally, the call to set the whole thing up:

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {                        
        CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();            
    }

    public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
    {
        config.AddDbConfiguration(hostingContext.Configuration, "TestApp");            
    }).UseStartup<Startup>();
}

To summarise: How do I ensure the Dispose() method is called within the DbConfigurationDataProvider class?

The only information I have found so far is from here: https://andrewlock.net/four-ways-to-dispose-idisposables-in-asp-net-core/

Which covers how to dispose of objects:

1. Within code blocks with the using statement (Not Applicable)
2. At the end of a request (Not Applicable)
3. Using the DI container (Not Applicable - I don't think?)
4. When the application ends <-- Sounds promising

Option 4 looks like this:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IApplicationLifetime applicationLifetime,
                        SingletonAddedManually toDispose)
{
        applicationLifetime.ApplicationStopping.Register(OnShutdown, toDispose);

         // configure middleware etc
}

private void OnShutdown(object toDispose)
{
    ((IDisposable)toDispose).Dispose();
}

SingletonAddedManually in my case would be the DbConfigurationDataProvider class, but this is very much out of scope from the Startup class.

More information on the IApplicationLifetime interface:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/host/web-host?view=aspnetcore-2.2

EDIT
This example doesn't even bother calling SqlDependency.Stop(), maybe it isn't that important?

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql/sqldependency-in-an-aspnet-app