Originally I assumed you could split the WHEN's then SUM them.
SELECT
SUM(CASE WHEN [fromAccCode] IN (201010, 201020, 201442, 201521, 201611, 201612, 209050, 209060, 209090, 209110, 213040, 213163, 213165, 213166, 213190) THEN r1 END) AS TotalR1,
SUM(CASE WHEN [fromAccCode] IN (201040, 201048, 201050, 201090, 201120, 201150, 201155) THEN r2 END) AS TotalR2,
SUM(CASE WHEN [fromAccCode] IN (201443, 206020, 207010, 207040, 207100, 207130, 209612) THEN r3 END) AS TotalR3
FROM [dbo].[source_table]
WHERE [fromAccCode] IN (
201010, 201020, 201442, 201521, 201611, 201612, 209050, 209060, 209090, 209110, 213040, 213163, 213165, 213166, 213190,
201040, 201048, 201050, 201090, 201120, 201150, 201155,
201443, 206020, 207010, 207040, 207100, 207130, 209612);
But it seems that you were looking for something like this monstrosity.
SELECT src.fromAccCode,
(CASE
WHEN ref.TypeR = 1 THEN src.r1
WHEN ref.TypeR = 2 THEN src.r2
WHEN ref.TypeR = 3 THEN src.r3
END) AS rx,
SUM([value]) as SumValues
FROM [dbo].[source_table] as src
JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT fromAccCode, TypeR FROM (VALUES
(201010,1), (201020,1), (201442,1), (201521,1), (201611,1), (201612,1), (209050,1), (209060,1), (209090,1), (209110,1),
(213040,1), (213163,1), (213165,1), (213166,1), (213190,1),
(201040,2), (201048,2), (201050,2), (201090,2), (201120,2), (201150,2), (201155,2),
(201443,3), (206020,3), (207010,3), (207040,3), (207100,3), (207130,3), (209612,3)
) val (fromAccCode, TypeR)) AS ref ON ref.fromAccCode = src.fromAccCode
GROUP BY src.fromAccCode,
(CASE
WHEN ref.TypeR = 1 THEN src.r1
WHEN ref.TypeR = 2 THEN src.r2
WHEN ref.TypeR = 3 THEN src.r3
END);
Btw, about that LIKE criteria.
Using a CONCAT instead of cast to a varchar also works.
WHERE ',' + '201010,201020,259861,754265,213040,213163,213165,201040,201048,201050,201443,206020' + ','
LIKE CONCAT('%,', [fromAccCode], ',%')