Sorry about the provocative question title, but really, where are the differences?
As far as I get it, the message is something like: "with SPA there might be some performance problems owed to the fact that the DOM is being processed by the javascript running in the browser; so let us render the pages on the server to eliminate this overhead to make things faster!"
Of course it then might introduce issues due to the fact that Angular was meant to work in the browser, not on Node.js server.
So again my question is are there any differences between Angular Universal and the "good old" server side pages, and what value if any Angular Universal adds in comparison?