Are there any interpreted agent languages that CANNOT BE or ARE NOT compiled?

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Regarding the three criteria of agent-oriented programming paradigm:

  • support a logical system for defining the mental state of agents
  • interpreted programming language for programming agents
  • agentification process, for compiling agent programs into low-level executable systems (tied into second point)

Are there interpreted programming languages that are not compiled? To my understanding, the whole point of interpreting languages is to implement a new language with certain features, syntax, etc... but the underlying implementation eventually needs to compile down into something low-level so that it can actually be executed.

Is point 3 of the agent-oriented programming paradigm simply saying that it isn't sufficient to just theoretically define a language without implementing the language in something that can compile down into low-level code that can actually be run?

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2 Answers

Yes, Jason is fully interpreted. It is a BDI agent platform. It also supports dynamic (on-the-fly) programming. You can add and organize plans in runtime and you can also save the agent mental state and load a new content with the whole system running.

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Actually, there is a continuum between compiled and interpreted languages. And being compiled or interpreted is a property of the language implementation (a programming language is a specification, that is a document like R5RS; it is not a software)

I strongly recommend reading Quiennec's Lisp In Small Pieces book, which explains that in great detail (see also this). I also recommend reading Scott's Programming Language Pragmatics book.

BTW, Minsky's Society of Mind book and Pitrat's Artificial Beings: The Conscience of a Conscious Machine book should also interest you. And J.Pitrat's blog is also relevant.

Many "compiled" languages have "interpreted" parts. For example, in C, most printf implementations are "interpreting" the control format string (this is done in the printf function of the C standard library), even if the specification permits some form of "compilation". (and sometimes, GCC or Clang might be clever enough...)

Are there interpreted programming languages that are not compiled?

Read also about partial evaluation and Futamara projections

Study Common Lisp and look inside its SBCL implementation, which compiles into machine code every REPL interaction. Look also into LuaJit.

Be also aware of JIT-compiling libraries such as libgccjit, GNU lightning, asmjit, or LLVM.

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