I just met the same situation tonight, but the answers above did not solve my confusion.
What confused me is, I have everything right installed already. When I check in the Termianl, I can do "import pandas" perfectly.
But when in Jupyter, it only gets ModuleNotFoundError.
Then I opened the terminal provided by Jupyter, I realized that I had two versions of python installed, python 3.7 and 3.8. When in system's terminal, python3 command will go to python 3.8. But the Jupyter is installed under python 3.7. Therefore if you want to work all right under Jupyter, you have to install everything (again) under python 3.7. You can do it either in terminal or in Jupyter. Open any notepage, and install using pip commands just like they said (check the other answers).
OR, you can simply remove the unnecessary verion of python, which is what I did. I removed the python 3.7. and reinstalled jupyter under python 3.8.
Now everything works.
So if you met the same ModuleNotFoundError but the moudle actually was installed, you may check the version of python carefully.
Hope my experience helps.