Plot several functions using different colors, including a derivative

Question

I have a really simple issue with my Python program -- which isn't finished at all. Right now it's doing everything I want, but not how I want.

There are three things I've been trying to change:

all functions are being plotted using the same color, and I'd like the program to automatically switch to a new color when a new function is added to the plot (it will be more than 2, all on the same plot).
f(x)'s range is 140. How can I decrease that? Maybe to 20/40.
(most important) My code isn't very efficient. f1 and derivative are not associated at all. I declare the function's model in f1, but I have to set up everything again in derivative. Every time I try to do otherwise I end up having some problem with the main function. I'll eventually add more features like integration and whatnot, and if I'm declaring everything from scratch everytime I want to do something with f1 the program will kinda lose its purpose.

Should I use x = Symbol('x') inside f1?

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sympy import *

x = Symbol('x')

def f1(a, b, c, d):
    y = a*x**3 + b*x**2 + x*c + d
    return y
    ###yprime = y.diff(x) 
    ###return yprime

def derivative(a, b, c, d):
    y = a*x**3 + b*x**2 + x*c + d
    yprime = y.diff(x)
    return yprime

def factorail(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n-1)

###colors = iter(cm.rainbow(np.linspace(0, 1, len(ys))))
###for y in ys:
    ###plt.scatter(x, y, color=next(colors))
def main():
    ###colors = itertools.cycle(["r", "b", "g"])
    y = f1(0,1,2,1)
    yp = derivative(0,1,2,1)
    print(y)
    plot(y, yp)
    plot(yp)
    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Admin · Answer

Vertical window is set by ylim option. I recommend to also use some explicit limits for x, the default -10 to 10 is not necessarily best for you. And I do recommend reading the page on SymPy plotting.

Color is set by line_color option. Different colors require different calls to plot, but those can be combined. Example:

p = plot(y, (x, -5, 5), ylim=(-20, 20), line_color='b', show=False)
p.extend(plot(yp, (x, -5, 5), ylim=(-20, 20), line_color='r', show=False))
p.show()

results in

The function reuse is easy:

def derivative(a, b, c, d):
    y = f1(a, b, c, d)
    yprime = y.diff(x)
    return yprime

Aside: what happens if we try line_color=['b', 'r'], as in plot(y, yp, ylim=(-20, 20), line_color=['b', 'r'])? Funny stuff happens:

user_2886575 · Answer

I use the following function to get colors that are "far" from each other in a general way. The 2396745 is pretty arbitrary, and defines how far apart the colors are. It seems to give me good results.

def cmap_ints(i):
    return "#"+hex(((int(i)+1)*2396745)%(256**3))[2:].rjust(6,"0")

Usage:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0,1,100)
y1 = 3*x + 4
y2 = 2*x - 5
plt.plot(x,y1,c=cmap_ints(1))
plt.plot(x,y2,c=cmap_ints(2))

Plot several functions using different colors, including a derivative

2 Answers