I did the following after researching (and tearing my hair out) for a day. From Command Prompt, I entered the following after navigating to the C:\Users\<user>\Anaconda3\Scripts directory:
activate root
That turns it into an Anaconda prompt.
Then, like others here, I updated Anaconda all the way around:
conda update -n root conda
conda update --all
conda update conda
conda update anaconda-navigator
I also did a reset:
anaconda-navigator --reset
I guess, after a while, one gets desperate (this followed three uninstalls/reinstalls etc.) Still, I got this error, which had started the entire "journey":
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not find the Qt platform plugin "windows" in ""
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Otherwise, Anaconda did not show up on the Start menu, and could not be launched. PyQt5 was installed.
What also did not do anything was adding Anaconda's path to PATH in system variables.
The last thing I did fixed everything: I copied the entire PyQt5 folder from
C:\Users\<user>\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\
where it seemed more complete/contain more to
C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\
C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\
and then tried it again. And it finally came up.
Hope this helps somebody.