This should require no explanation. But could someone describe the logic behind the pos parameter of substring because I cannot make sense of this (Using Spark 2.1):
scala> val df = Seq("abcdef").toDS()
df: org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset[String] = [value: string]
scala> df.show
+------+
| value|
+------+
|abcdef|
+------+
scala> df.selectExpr("substring(value, 0, 2)", "substring(value, 1, 2)", "substring(value, 2,2)", "substring(value, 3,2)").show
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|substring(value, 0, 2)|substring(value, 1, 2)|substring(value, 2, 2)|substring(value, 3, 2)|
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| ab| ab| bc| cd|
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+