Where does the scheduler run?

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Having just finished a book on comp. architecture, I find myself not completely clarified on where the scheduler is running.

What I'm looking to have clarified is where the scheduler is running - does it have it's own core assigned to run that and nothing else, or is the "scheduler" in fact just a more ambiguous algorithm, that it implemented in every thread being executed - ex. upon preemption of thread, a swithToFrom() command is run?

I don't need specifics according to windows x/linux x/mac os x, just in general.

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