What are the differences between set -g, set -ga and set-option -g in a .tmux.conf file?

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I'm new to tmux and trying to understand it's configuration. I've started with looking at some pre-existing .tmux.conf files and whatever documentation I can find but it still leaves me wondering about the flags. I've seen the following so far:

A few examples from the ArchWiki entry on tmux

set -g prefix C-a  
set -ga terminal-overrides ",xterm-termite:Tc"
set-option -g xterm-keys on

And one line from a .tmux.conf file

set-window-option -g

What do the flags mean and are there any particular cases when one flag one flag is preferable over another?

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