Piping to a process when the process doesn't exist?

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Say I start with the following statement, which echo-s a string into the ether:

$ echo "foo" 1>/dev/null

I then submit the following pipeline:

$ echo "foo" | cat -e - 1>/dev/null

I then leave the process out:

$ echo "foo" | 1>/dev/null

Why is this not returning an error message? The documentation on bash and piping doesn't seem to make direct mention of may be the cause. Is there an EOF sent before the first read from echo (or whatever the process is, which is running upstream of the pipe)?

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