PowerShell Set-AuthenticodeSignature - IncludeChain Options Advantages/Disadvantages?

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When using Set-AuthenticodeSignature, there is an option called IncludeChain. While there is documentation about what each of the options are, I haven't been able to uncover much guidance surrounding the advantages/disadvantages of each setting (when you would pick one setting over another).

Everywhere I see IncludeChain in examples, it is always set to All. I think All is likely the best answer, but I'd like to understand the benefits and disadvantages of each of the settings.

  • Signer
  • NotRoot (default)
  • All

Other than All making the file quite a bit bigger, what are the specific advantages and disadvantages of each of the settings?

References

Example

$certPfx = "super secret location"
$certPassword = "super secret password"
$cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2($certPfx, $certPassword)

Set-AuthenticodeSignature -Filepath "ps1 file location" `
  -Cert $cert `
  -TimeStampServer "url to timestamp server" `
  -IncludeChain All `
  -HashAlgorithm SHA256
1 Answers
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