Correct use of CancellationToken

This is my situation:

    private CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource;
    private CancellationToken cancellationToken;

    public IoTHub()
    {
        cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
        cancellationToken = cancellationTokenSource.Token;

        receive();
    }

    private void receive()
    {
        eventHubClient = EventHubClient.CreateFromConnectionString(connectionString, iotHubD2cEndpoint);
        var d2cPartitions = eventHubClient.GetRuntimeInformation().PartitionIds;

        foreach (string partition in d2cPartitions)
        {
            ReceiveMessagesFromDeviceAsync(partition, cancellationToken);
        }
    }

    private async Task ReceiveMessagesFromDeviceAsync(CancellationToken ct)
    {
        var eventHubReceiver = eventHubClient.GetDefaultConsumerGroup().CreateReceiver(partition, DateTime.UtcNow);

        while (true)
        {
            if(ct.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                break;
            }

            EventData eventData = await eventHubReceiver.ReceiveAsync();
            if (eventData == null) continue;

            string data = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(eventData.GetBytes());

            // Javascript function with Websocket
            Clients.All.setMessage(data);
        }
    }

    public void cancelToken()
    {
      cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
    }

The Task will not be cancelled, when calling the cancelToken method. How come?

I have read the Microsoft guide, an other Stackoverflow questions about Task cancellation.

But still have difficulty using them correctly.