Why does URL encoding exist for ASCII character set

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It is clearly stated in W3Schools that

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.

Why does URL encoding exist for ASCII characters like a , b , c when it can be sent over the internet without any URL encoding ???

Eg: Why encode 'a' when it can send over as 'a'

What are the possible reasons to encode ASCII characters ?? The only reason i can think of are hackers who are trying to make their URL as unreadable as possible to carry out XSS attacks

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