Converting Repeated Measures mixed model formula from SAS to R

Question

There are several questions and posts about mixed models for more complex experimental designs, so I thought this more simple model would help other beginners in this process as well as I.

So, my question is I would like to formulate a repeated measures ancova in R from sas proc mixed procedure:

proc mixed data=df1;
FitStatistics=akaike
class GROUP person day;
model Y = GROUP X1 / solution alpha=.1 cl;
repeated / type=cs subject=person group=GROUP;
lsmeans GROUP;
run;

Here is the SAS output using the data created in R (below):

.           Effect       panel    Estimate       Error      DF    t Value    Pr > |t|     Alpha       Lower       Upper
            Intercept              -9.8693      251.04       7      -0.04      0.9697       0.1     -485.49      465.75
            panel        1         -247.17      112.86       7      -2.19      0.0647       0.1     -460.99    -33.3510
            panel        2               0           .       .        .         .             .           .           .
            X1                     20.4125     10.0228       7       2.04      0.0811       0.1      1.4235     39.4016

Below is how I formulated the model in R using 'nlme' package, but am not getting similar coefficient estimates:

## create reproducible example fake panel data set:
set.seed(94); subject.id = abs(round(rnorm(10)*10000,0))

set.seed(99); sds = rnorm(10,15,5);means = 1:10*runif(10,7,13);trends = runif(10,0.5,2.5)

this = NULL; set.seed(98)
for(i in 1:10) { this = c(this,rnorm(6, mean = means[i], sd = sds[i])*trends[i]*1:6)}
set.seed(97)
that = sort(rep(rnorm(10,mean = 20, sd = 3),6))

df1 = data.frame(day = rep(1:6,10), GROUP = c(rep('TEST',30),rep('CONTROL',30)),
                 Y = this,
                 X1 = that,
                 person = sort(rep(subject.id,6)))

## use package nlme
require(nlme)

## run repeated measures mixed model using compound symmetry covariance structure:
summary(lme(Y ~ GROUP + X1, random = ~ +1 | person,
            correlation=corCompSymm(form=~day|person), na.action = na.exclude,
            data = df1,method='REML'))

Now, the output from R, which I now realize is similar to the output from lm():

                Value Std.Error DF    t-value p-value
(Intercept) -626.1622  527.9890 50 -1.1859379  0.2413
GROUPTEST   -101.3647  156.2940  7 -0.6485518  0.5373
X1            47.0919   22.6698  7  2.0772934  0.0764

I believe I'm close as to the specification, but not sure what piece I'm missing to make the results match (within reason..). Any help would be appreciated!

UPDATE: Using the code in the answer below, the R output becomes:

> summary(model2)

Scroll to bottom for the parameter estimates -- look! identical to SAS.

Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
 Data: df1 
      AIC      BIC   logLik
  776.942 793.2864 -380.471

Random effects:
 Formula: ~GROUP - 1 | person
 Structure: Diagonal
        GROUPCONTROL GROUPTEST Residual
StdDev:      184.692  14.56864 93.28885

Correlation Structure: Compound symmetry
 Formula: ~day | person 
 Parameter estimate(s):
         Rho 
-0.009929987 
Variance function:
 Structure: Different standard deviations per stratum
 Formula: ~1 | GROUP 
 Parameter estimates:
    TEST  CONTROL 
1.000000 3.068837

Fixed effects: Y ~ GROUP + X1 

                Value Std.Error DF    t-value p-value
(Intercept)   -9.8706 251.04678 50 -0.0393178  0.9688
GROUPTEST   -247.1712 112.85945  7 -2.1900795  0.0647
X1            20.4126  10.02292  7  2.0365914  0.0811

Converting Repeated Measures mixed model formula from SAS to R

2 Answers