Calculating difference between two timestamps in Oracle in milliseconds

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How do I calculate the time difference in milliseconds between two timestamps in Oracle?

11 Answers

I know that this has been exhaustively answered, but I wanted to share my FUNCTION with everyone. It gives you the option to choose if you want your answer to be in days, hours, minutes, seconds, or milliseconds. You can modify it to fit your needs.

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Return_Elapsed_Time (start_ IN TIMESTAMP, end_ IN TIMESTAMP DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP, syntax_ IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
    FUNCTION Core (start_ IN TIMESTAMP, end_ IN TIMESTAMP DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP, syntax_ IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
        day_ VARCHAR2(7); /* This means this FUNCTION only supports up to 99 days */
        hour_ VARCHAR2(9); /* This means this FUNCTION only supports up to 999 hours, which is over 41 days */
        minute_ VARCHAR2(12); /* This means this FUNCTION only supports up to 9999 minutes, which is over 17 days */
        second_ VARCHAR2(18); /* This means this FUNCTION only supports up to 999999 seconds, which is over 11 days */
        msecond_ VARCHAR2(22); /* This means this FUNCTION only supports up to 999999999 milliseconds, which is over 11 days */
        d1_ NUMBER;
        h1_ NUMBER;
        m1_ NUMBER;
        s1_ NUMBER;
        ms_ NUMBER;
        /* If you choose 1, you only get seconds. If you choose 2, you get minutes and seconds etc. */
        precision_ NUMBER; /* 0 => milliseconds; 1 => seconds; 2 => minutes; 3 => hours; 4 => days */
        format_ VARCHAR2(2) := ', ';
        return_ VARCHAR2(50);
    BEGIN
        IF (syntax_ IS NULL) THEN
            precision_ := 0;
        ELSE
            IF (syntax_ = 0) THEN
                precision_ := 0;
            ELSIF (syntax_ = 1) THEN
                precision_ := 1;
            ELSIF (syntax_ = 2) THEN
                precision_ := 2;
            ELSIF (syntax_ = 3) THEN
                precision_ := 3;
            ELSIF (syntax_ = 4) THEN
                precision_ := 4;
            ELSE 
                precision_ := 0;
            END IF;
        END IF;
        SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM (end_ - start_)) INTO d1_ FROM DUAL;
        SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM (end_ - start_)) INTO h1_ FROM DUAL;
        SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM (end_ - start_)) INTO m1_ FROM DUAL;
        SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND FROM (end_ - start_)) INTO s1_ FROM DUAL;
        IF (precision_ = 4) THEN
            IF (d1_ = 1) THEN
                day_ := ' day';
            ELSE
                day_ := ' days';
            END IF;
            IF (h1_ = 1) THEN
                hour_ := ' hour';
            ELSE
                hour_ := ' hours';
            END IF;
            IF (m1_ = 1) THEN
                minute_ := ' minute';
            ELSE
                minute_ := ' minutes';
            END IF;
            IF (s1_ = 1) THEN
                second_ := ' second';
            ELSE
                second_ := ' seconds';
            END IF;
            return_ := d1_ || day_ || format_ || h1_ || hour_ || format_ || m1_ || minute_ || format_ || s1_ || second_;
            RETURN return_;
        ELSIF (precision_ = 3) THEN
            h1_ := (d1_ * 24) + h1_;
            IF (h1_ = 1) THEN
                hour_ := ' hour';
            ELSE
                hour_ := ' hours';
            END IF;
            IF (m1_ = 1) THEN
                minute_ := ' minute';
            ELSE
                minute_ := ' minutes';
            END IF;
            IF (s1_ = 1) THEN
                second_ := ' second';
            ELSE
                second_ := ' seconds';
            END IF;
            return_ := h1_ || hour_ || format_ || m1_ || minute_ || format_ || s1_ || second_;
            RETURN return_;
        ELSIF (precision_ = 2) THEN
            m1_ := (((d1_ * 24) + h1_) * 60) + m1_;
            IF (m1_ = 1) THEN
                minute_ := ' minute';
            ELSE
                minute_ := ' minutes';
            END IF;
            IF (s1_ = 1) THEN
                second_ := ' second';
            ELSE
                second_ := ' seconds';
            END IF;
            return_ := m1_ || minute_ || format_ || s1_ || second_;
            RETURN return_;
        ELSIF (precision_ = 1) THEN
            s1_ := (((((d1_ * 24) + h1_) * 60) + m1_) * 60) + s1_;
            IF (s1_ = 1) THEN
                second_ := ' second';
            ELSE
                second_ := ' seconds';
            END IF;
            return_ := s1_ || second_;
            RETURN return_;
        ELSE
            ms_ := ((((((d1_ * 24) + h1_) * 60) + m1_) * 60) + s1_) * 1000;
            IF (ms_ = 1) THEN
                msecond_ := ' millisecond';
            ELSE
                msecond_ := ' milliseconds';
            END IF;
            return_ := ms_ || msecond_;
            RETURN return_;
        END IF;
    END Core;
BEGIN
    RETURN(Core(start_, end_, syntax_));
END Return_Elapsed_Time;

For example, if I called this function right now (12.10.2018 11:17:00.00) using Return_Elapsed_Time(TO_TIMESTAMP('12.04.2017 12:00:00.00', 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF'),SYSTIMESTAMP), it should return something like:

47344620000 milliseconds

I) if you need to calculate the elapsed time in seconds between two timestamp columns try this:

SELECT 
    extract ( day from (end_timestamp - start_timestamp) )*86400 
    + extract ( hour from (end_timestamp - start_timestamp) )*3600 
    + extract ( minute from (end_timestamp - start_timestamp) )*60 
    + extract ( second from (end_timestamp - start_timestamp) ) 
FROM table_name

II) if you want to just show the time difference in character format try this:

SELECT to_char (end_timestamp - start_timestamp) FROM table_name

I've posted here some methods to convert interval to nanoseconds and nanoseconds to interval. These methods have a nanosecond precision.

You just need to adjust it to get milliseconds instead of nanoseconds.

A shorter method to convert interval to nanoseconds.

SELECT (EXTRACT(DAY FROM (
    INTERVAL '+18500 09:33:47.263027' DAY(5) TO SECOND --Replace line with desired interval --Maximum value: INTERVAL '+694444 10:39:59.999999999' DAY(6) TO SECOND(9) or up to 3871 year
) * 24 * 60) * 60 + EXTRACT(SECOND FROM (
    INTERVAL '+18500 09:33:47.263027' DAY(5) TO SECOND --Replace line with desired interval
))) * 100 AS MILLIS FROM DUAL;

MILLIS
1598434427263.027

I know that many people finding this solution simple and clear:

create table diff_timestamp (
f1 timestamp
, f2 timestamp);

insert into diff_timestamp values(systimestamp-1, systimestamp+2);
commit;

select cast(f2 as date) - cast(f1 as date) from diff_timestamp;

bingo!

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